I dont know about dating of Illiad.. But what substantiation we have to date Ramayan or Mahabharatha?

Since I began writing on the controversial subject of the Aryans and against the notorious idea that the Indus is Aryan in nature, I have argued that the Indus Civilization could not possibly be what others have said it is, or that the Aryans are indigenous to India. I still believe as well as others that the Indus is uniquely Indian because of its originality and that the Aryans are an outside force who came and took over this civilization and land to establish their brand of civilization. So much has been written by Indians and foreigners and they spell the general idea that the Indus is Aryan but so far they have failed to decipher its scripts and seals which would give it some sort of identity, they have failed archaeologically to provide evidence that its material and artifacts unearthed are of Aryan origin and most important the inability to provide the evidence of the horse and chariot is monumental. Monumental, because it is the linchpin of Aryan domination of foreign lands and empires that they took by force. Without it, there would have been no intrusion of Indo-European peoples in India or anywhere else. I have been castigated, ridiculed, snubbed and rudely revoked impolitely about my past ideas on the nature of the Indus civilization. All of the above I do not mind, for such is human nature , but what I have written before is now all coming to pass and I will touch upon those things that I had predicted and written about the Indus. The reader must remember one thing in mind and that I had always maintained that the Aryans came from outside, from Central Asia, bringing their steppe life to India, not the other way around. Writing and believing are two different things but to convince historians and writers , especially those from India is a difficult task especially people like Mr. Talageri, Mr. Rajaram and others of the like mind set. These people , no doubt set out to do good, I hope intentionally, but somewhere along the line , they lost their logic and went haywire. They should have held to the maxim that no lost civilization should be identified until its language is properly deciphered so as to know who really built the civilization. Instead of doing or waiting for this result, a cacophony of voices and a deluge of literature descended on the media and other forms of information hailing the Indus as Aryan with their followers blistering anyone who deviates from this truth with bitter complaints that religious zealots , western propaganda and Muller and his henchmen are to be blamed for India’s misfortune for the so called invasion of India and its accompanying falsehoods and distortions. Complaints for the need for impartial historical evidence and literature are now emanating from these channels. Indeed it is. Russian, archaeologists, historians and writers are now discovering and have discovered the original homeland of India’s Aryans on the vast plains of the Russian steppes. At last, concrete evidence of the mysterious and enigmatic Indo-Europeans who intruded into Afghanistan, Iran and India are being unearthed in diverse places east of the Ural mountains as Sintashta for the identical type of chariot used in the Rgveda, in Androvono where identical ritual and sacrifices found in the pages of the Rgveda and most spectacular of all the lost Aryan homeland of Arkaim, the Swastika city.

. First of all let me salute the masterful builders of the Indus of whom I am very proud for showing the civilized world that Indians, in such a time and age created and built something far advanced and unequalled in their history. The Neolithic Age, I don’t think have seen anything like it in its existence. The discovery of the IVC has opened a Pandora’s Box of fierce debate and at the same time a clouded atmosphere of fear never before seen in the history of archaeology. Stranger still,those who employed the archaeologists to dig up this ancient civilization are patently working furiously behind their backs in undermining the very work they employed them to do. On one hand while the archaeologists are exposing the cities of the Indus without finding any evidence whatsoever of Aryan influence, the historians and writers are flooding the informational and international media with such evidence twisting and turning this evidence and trying to give it an Aryan foundation. For example,lets consider the crucial point of contention of the Indus– the horse. Although no evidence of the horse has not been found in the Indus and despite the fraudalent attempt to prove it, it has been written by some that horse bones has been found outside India, that the migration of people from India to Asia and Europe where they found the horse, tamed it and brought it back to India. These prevailing views only demonstrate only one thing concerning the horse. Since it cannot be identified with India, then common sense dictates that several stories would accompany such lack of evidence. Really , I don’t see what revelance this has with India. Sharply divided into two camps, the two factions have traded barbed arguments as to the true nature of the IVC. Digging on the sites of one of the largest civilization in antiquity , archaeologists and historians alike are coming to grips with not only its artifacts but how to fit in the grandeur that once graced the magnificent ruins of this ancient empire in the north west of India, and this is the greatest question of all–was it indigenous or Aryan? A lot of pride hangs on this simple question and this article will forward the case for the reader to decide.
To first decide whether it is indigenous or Aryan, we must turn to the pages of the Vedas since no decipherment of the script of the civilization has occurred. As in other civilizations language to language has been compared to ascertain whether such civilizations were IE or vice versa. Thus, it is only sensible to turn to the artifacts of the two civilizations and the Indus to see if they match or give a label to this vexing question. Until such time as the decipherment of the script, no claims should be made on the subject.
The pages of the Vedas provide us at a glance of one sole fact. That it was a steppe culture fresh from the vast expanses of the Russian steppe and geographically in line to India and a host of other nearby countries.

ANIMALS: The one animal the IVC do not expose in its ruins are the horse. This inescapable fact is completely absent in its ruins. All the others which were in the Indus are there and most of them the Vedic Aryans were familiar with except a few like the elephant and lion which are mostly tropical one. It is this one marker which differentiate the two civilizations. To keep the critics silent, I will enumerate the different breeds of horses , the Vedic Aryans knew.
BREEDS: Steeds, stallions, mares bays, tawny coursers, bay steeds, bay coursers, red mares, dark steeds, flying steeds and horses.
MYTHOLOGY: Throughout the Vedas references are given to winged steeds and winged horses as in IE myths and stories, eg. Greek and Roman histories and others. Then, there are the kinnaras, the Centaurs of Greek mythology. So far no pictographic , seal , script or engraving has been unearthed in the Indus depicting the form of the horse nor drawings of flying horses.
PASTORAL: A glance at the Vedas and its lifestyle in its pursuit of life can tell the reader what kind of people who lived in its pages. They are definitely evolved from a country style of living and occupation and some critics in India, the very people who are trying change the course of history, know this since some of them probably came from this lifestyle and graduated to the towns to educate themselves. The steppe life hits you from its very first page in the worship of gods on the pastures of India where sacrifices are made on holy grass and the cremation of Vedic Aryans. These terms include cowpen, stables for horses, stalls, holy grass, sacred grass, herds, herdsman, woodcutting, brushwood, tribes and chieftains, warriors, clans, kinsmen, herders, pastures, nomads, villages, forest, mountains, rivers, 0 boughs and fodder etc. This is the lifelong scene which the Vedic Aryans are accustomed to from the time they left their homeland to migrate or to invade India and Afghanistan.
OCCUPATION: The occupation of the Aryans include warriors, singers, priests, bards, sages, seers, chanters, weavers, ennuchs, dressers of the soma, praisers, toilers heralds , wrights, nobles etc. Then, there are those who repaired the chariots etc such as the wrights and blacksmiths.
LUST FOR RICHES: There are terms for riches, as treasures, wealth , spoils, bounty, booty, cattle, herds of horses. The Aryans raided and looted their neighbors for wealth and accumulation of treasures and trading of horses, a major pastime of the Vedic aryans, especially horses for sacrifices. The Indus people traded with near and far countries for wealth and prosperity. I don’t seem to remember the Indus people raiding other cities for wealth or trading horses to accumulate wealth.
CHARIOT TERMS: As owners of fine breeds of horses, words like bits, bridles, harness , whips, girdles, cheekpieces, leather straps, horse saddles for there were horse riding in the Vedas on several occasions, wheels, felly, axles, spokes,yokes ,naves poles, wagons, lasso, tires and other such things associated with the horse and chariot. Nothing of this sort is found in the Indus.
FIVE EERIE SIMILARITIES: Now lets go outside India for the origin of the Aryans or Indo-Europeans on the steppes of Russia. Here in the Sintashta- Petrovka archaeological site as well as countless others , we can draw the deep references and similarities as to where the Indo-Iranians were living before migrating to India and Iran. Here in the Sintashta Petrovka culture we find:
1) Burial of chariots and horses where the same method is used as in India.
2) The sacrifice of horses.
3) The Dadhyanc figure. It is one thing to read about the mythic figure in the Vedas but is another to read that archaelogists have unearthed its reality in the steppes or Russia. Chillingly, brought to life, archaeologists were astounded to find the so called Vedic myth coming to life before their very eyes. In the Vedas, Dadhyanc who refused to give out the secret of the drink to the Asvins, had his head cut off and replaced with the head of a horse. This incident only shows that the Vedic Aryans were not telling myths in their holy scriptures but describing what had actually happened.
4) The spread of IE people from the steppes with the chariots like those buried in the steppes of Russia and
and spreading the language.
5) The argument by certain historians and writers that the horse and chariot originated in the Near East has now been broken. It is now credited to the Indo-Aryans who introduced it to the southern empires, the Indus included.
FOOD: The Vedas gave us such items as Soma, roasted corn, corn, roasted grain, holy cake, sweets, milk, curds, barley, nectar or honey, food of the gods, unguents, cucumber, butter, clarified butter, liquors,grain, meat, meal cakes, sap and groats.
VESSELS: Cups, bowls, caldrons, earthen vessels, kettles, press stones, ladles, beakers,jars, water ewers, urns, jugs, pitchers and goblets. I don’t see a knife and fork civilization here.
ARTIFACTS: Whetstone, grindstone, amulets, mortar, pestles, awls, stone hoes, braziers, bronze celts, spindles, the swastika and trident.
JEWELLRY: Golden necklaces, earrings, golden chalice, silver chalice,gold decorations,bracelets,silver cups and ornaments.
MILITARY ARMS: Coat of mail, socketed battle axes, breastplates, lances, hafted daggers, quivers and composite bows and arrows.
WERGILD: The custom of wergild was brought to India from across the steppes from the Hittite civilization before the break up of the IE family of languages. No other country practiced wergild but IE peoples. The Indo -Iranians knew this custom when they were huddled in the homeland.
RITES: The pages of the Vedas and the Avesta is filled with customs and rites connected with feasts, oblations, libations prayers, chanting, sacrifices, banquets for the gods as well with all of the above itemized.
As a comparison the different cultures on the Russian steppes have most of all this article has mentioned especially the Tarim Basin Tocharian civilization. The Androvono, Sintashta, Petrovka sites practiced the kurgan burial custom , the worship of solar sun god, horse sacrifice and the Tarim mummies were dressed in Iranian costume style and with tikas on their foreheads, an Indian custom. A whetstone was found on the eyes of an infant similarly in the Vedas we have whetstones. Drawings of centaurs on the cave walls and houses just as in Greek and Indian centaurs and kinnaras. Accoutrements relating to horse and chariot technology such as wheels, bridles , bits etc are also found there. Solar symbols of swastikas are found engraved on caldrons and on the walls of the occupants. Also, in the different archaeological sites on the Russian steppes are found to be similar to the Aryan occupation of India. The Pit Grave culture are found grindstones, weaving whetstones , kurgan mound burial etc. The Androvono culture depicts horses, chariots, hoes, grinders, pestles, mortars, clay vessels, awls, braziers, bracelets etc. The IE Scythians displays ploughs, yoke, horses, chariots and horse riding, girdles , reins, bits, cheekpieces, horse sacrifices and sun worship.
GRAVE PIT BURIALS: The Aryan practice of grave pit burials at Krivoe Ozero on the steppes are uncannily similar to that of Vedic India. The grave goods of yokes,harness etc together with humans and ritually killed horses was practiced in India. No such practice is ever recorded in the Indus cities. What is observed throughout the Russian steppes is the use of grain instead of rice, especially barley which the early Aryans of India used for their diet. All the cultures has this in common. Rice was only used by the Aryans long after they settled down in India. This simple diet , so common among IE peoples simply destroys the arguments of the pro Aryanists Indus. Nowhere in the steppes of Russia can rice be found as a staple diet. The Sredny Stog culture , barley is used , the Androvono, also barley,the Vedas and the Avesta used barley,the steppe culture of Kazakhstan also, used barley as well as the Scythians. Isn’t this enough evidence that the Indus could not be Aryan?
Now, I wonder who would speak up on the Indus and its supposedly similarities to call itself as Aryan in origin. But all their arguments are only polemics because not one of the above can apply to the Indus to support its claim as an Aryan entity.
HORSE TRADE: Aryan life on the vast Russian steppes could not have been possible without the existence of the horse and chariot. Apart from their daily life of living and struggling to exist on the harsh plains, they took comfort from their possession of their prized animal, the magnificent horse. It brought them wealth, prosperity and land. Their migrations were possible, they were able to raid and fight to garner food and riches but most of all they traded their horses among their different clans and peoples. In exchange they obtained the most superb brands of stallions and steeds. They raced and gambled, they sacrificed them and made war and raids to expand their occupation and culture. This is the most significant difference between the Indus and the Aryans. Indus society was more or less sedentary and urbanized , not rural and pastoralized. Horses and steppe culture were not part of their civilization and to equate them as Aryan in origin is pushing the envelope too far. There is the religious rite of horse sacrifice, solar worship and swastikas so elaborately put together by the Aryans and IE peoples in their various cultures. If the proponents of the Aryan Indus can show me horse trade in the Indus cities, I am prepared to accept their arguments and so are others. In the meantime, they have no trace for such a transaction.
Apart from the above, there are certain fields which I will lay out here that can only be from the origin of steppe life with its customs, rites and its nomadic style of living.

THE REALITY OF DADHYANC: The Rgveda gave us a chilling description of the story of Dadhyanc and how his head was severed and until now this story was considered a myth by historians and writers but they got the shock of their lives when archaeologists discovered that the myth was true- discovered on the steppes of Russia. (LET THEM EAT HORSES. Institute For Equestrian Studies 1997 by Dr. David Anthony) He writes:

The horses’s head was thought to be a source of power by itself, an idea that seems to have survived among the peasant cultures of Europe. One of the most intriguing myths in the Vedas concerns a man, Dadhyanc Atharvan, wh learned from Tvastr , the maker god the secret of making mead, an intoxicating hone drink. The Asvins , or the Divine twins who are themselves occasionally represented poetically as a pair of young horses insisted that Dadhyanc tell them the secret of the mead. He refused. They cut off his head and replaced it with the head of a horse, through which he became an oracle and told them the secret they desired. In other hymns in the Vedas horse heads flowed magically with honey.
These ritual themes have been investigated archaeologically the IAES and its sister organization in Samara, Russia, the Institute for the History and Archaeology of the Volga. Excavations led by Dr. Igor Vasiliev have unearthed ritual deposits of horse heads at Syezh’ye, a Copper Age cemetery dated about 4500-5000 BC. in the Samara River valley in Russia. On the ancient surface above a group of nine Copper Age graves, Vasiliev’s team found two horse skulls lying with various ornaments, broken ceramic pots, and stone tools within a redstained patch of powdered red ochre. The horses obviously were part of a funerary offering , the oldest of its kind yet found. At Dereivka on the Dnieper River in the Ukraine, the now famous horse with bit wear on its premolar teeth was part of a head and hoof deposit at the edge of a settlement dated about 4200 BC. It was found with the remains of two dogs, which probably were part of the same ritual offering . In a grave in the Elista steppes south of the lower Volga in Russia, excavators found the skulls of 40 horses deposited in a Catacomb culture grave dated about 2500 BC. But the most fascinating discovery of this kind was a find that could have been the grave of Dadhyanc himself.

At Potapovka, near Samara on the Sok river, excavations conducted from 1985 -1988 exposed four burial mounds or kurgans dated about 2200-2000 BC. Beneath kurgan 3, the central grave pit contained the remains of a man buried with at least two horse heads and the head of a sheep, in addition to pottery vessels and weapons. After the grave pit was filled, a human male was decapitated, his head was replaced with the head of a horse , and he was laid down over the filled grave shaft. This unique deposit provides a convincing antecedent for the Vedic myth. Now, lets analyze this story and see what it tells.
A story like this in the Rgvedas would simply not have been narrated had it not been experienced before in their homeland. The unearthing of the burial mound is enough evidence that the Vedic Aryans were from the steppes and nomadic. The whole story is now coming to pass. Those who reject or consider the Aryans as people from the Indus civilization are now silent. How can a story related in a holy book can come true on the Russian steppes if it was not part and parcel of the culture of its people. Secondly, the writers of the Vedas knew these stories and retold them for future generations.